世界秩序 作者:[美] 亨利·基辛格

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    34. Metternich,Aus Metterniaen Papieren, 1:33, 8:184.

    35. Algerernidash;1859 (Lotiswood, 1947), 52.

    36. Metternich,Aus Metterniaen Papieren, 1:334.

    37.Briefwechsel des Generals Leopold vo dem Buen Otto von Bismar, 1893), 334.

    38. Ibid. (February 20, 1854), 130.

    39. Horst Kohl,Die politis des Fursten Bismarck (Stuttgart, 1892), 264.

    4esammelten Werke (November 14, 1833), vol. 14,nos. 1, 3.

    41. Ibid. (September 29, 1851), 1:62.

    42. Speech of February 9, 1871, in Hansard,Parliamees,ser. 3, vol. 204 (Februaryndash;March 1871), 82.

    43. 与此形成鲜明对照的是,为普鲁士赢得统一德国的战争的战略家老毛奇当时曾计划在两条战线上采取守势。

    44. For stimulating ats of these developmeopher Clark,The Sleepwalkers: Hoar in 1914 (Neers, 2013) a Ma,The eace: The Road to 1914 (New York: Random House, 2013).

    45. See John Mayhe Eisequehe Peaillan, 1920), Chapter 5.

    46. See Chapters 6 and 7.

    第三章 伊斯兰主义和中东:世界乱局

    1. Adda B. Bozeman, Iran: U.S. Fn Polid the Traditioatecraft,Orbis 23, no. 2 (Summer 1979): 397.

    2. See Hugh Ke Arab quests: How the Spread of Islam ged the World We Live In(London: Weidenfeld  Ni,2007), 34ndash;40.

    3. Ke Arab quests, 113.

    4. See generally Marshall G. S. Hodgsoure of Islam: d History in a World Civilization, vol. 1,The Classi (Chiiversity of Chicago Press, 1974).

    5. Majid Khadduri,The Islamiations: Shaybanis Siyar (Baltimore: Johns Hopkiy Press, 1966), 13.

    6. Majid Khadduri,ea the Law of Islam (Baltimore: Johns Hopkiy Press, 1955), 56. See also Ke Arab quests,48ndash;51; Berhe Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years (oue, 1997), 233ndash;38.

    7. 民主制和人权推动了人们为实现全球变革采取行动。在此意义上,事实证明它们的内涵和适用性比跟在军队后面迫使他人皈依的宗教教义更灵活。毕竟不同国家人民的民主意愿可以带来极其不同的结果。

    8. Labeeb Ahmed Bsoul,Iioies (Mu had t)in Islam: Theory and Pra the Light of Islamiational Law(Siyar)Ag to Orthodox Schools (Lanham,Md.: Uy Press of America,2008), 117.

    9. Khadduri,Islamiations, 12.See also Bsoul,Iioies,108ndash;9.

    10. See James Pis iiohe Expansioioy, ed. Hedley Bull and Adam Watson (New York: Oxford Uy Press, 1985), 318ndash;19; Lewis,Middle East, 305; lobalized Islam: The Searew Ummah (New York: bia Uy Press, 2004), 112 (on porary Islamist views); Efraim Karsh,Islamic Imperialism: A History (New Haven, .: Yale Uy Press, 2006), 230ndash;31. But see Khadduri,ea the Law of Islam, 156ndash;57 (oional s uerritory captured by nonMuslims might revert to being part ofdar alharb).

    11. An analysis of this sd its modern impliay be found in Vali Nasr,The Shia Revival: How fli Islam e the Future (Ne. Norton, 2006).

    12. Brendahe Struggle for Suprema 1453 to the Present (New York: Basic Books, 2013), 9ndash;10; Black,History of Islamic Political Thought, 206ndash;7.

    13. 在英语里它们被误称为降书,不是因为奥斯曼帝国在任何一点上屈从了,而是因为这些文件被分为章节或条款(拉丁文是capitula)。

    14. 1526年2月,苏莱曼答复法国的弗朗西斯。Relow Merrimahe Mag, 1520ndash;1566 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Uy Press, 1944), 130. See also Halil Inalcik, The Turkish Impa the Development of Moderhe Ottomas Pla World History, ed. Kemal H. Karpat (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1974), 51ndash;53; Garrett Mattingly, Renaissanaew Yuin Books, 1955), 152.大约500年后,在一段双边关系紧张时期,土耳其总理埃尔多安出于礼节送给法国总统萨科齐一份这封信的复印件,但抱怨说:我觉得他没看这封信。Todays Zaman, December 23, 2011.

    15. 1853年,据说俄国沙皇尼古拉一世告诉英国大使:我们手上有一个病夫,一个病得很重的人。如果有一天他从我们手中溜走了,尤其是在尚未做出必要安排之前,那可就麻烦大了。Harland a (London: Longmans, Green,1936), 272.

    16. Sultan MehmedRashad,Pro, and SheikulIslam, Fetva, inSource Records of the Great War, ed. Charles F. Horer F. Austin (Indianapion, 1930), 2:398ndash;401. See also Hew Stra,The First  Y, 2003), 100ndash;101.

    17. Arthur James Balfour to Walter Rothsber 2, 1917, in Mal Yapp,The Making of the Moder, 1792ndash;1923 (Harlow: Longmans, Green), 290.

    18. See Erez Mahe Wilso:Self Determinatioiins of Antiationalism,1917ndash;1920(Oxford: Oxford Uy Press, 2007).

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